. 忽略标点符号的作用
1. The old man has three sons, all of them are workers.
2. Don't carry the pan out of the kitchen, in that case you might have the house on fire.
叉车维修培训学校,析:在使用定语从句时,如果主句和从句之间用了逗号,就意味着逗号后面是个非限制定语从句。如果关系词出现在介词的后面,则应为关系代词 whom, whose (指人)或 which (指物),不应该为 that 或 them 。因此句 1 叉车维修培训学校,的 them 应改为 whom ,句 2 叉车维修培训学校,的 that 应改为 which 。
. 错认先行词
1. I was the only one in the office that was invited to the party.
2. Do you remember one afternoon in America where a terrible earthquake took place?
叉车维修培训学校,析:般来说,先行词后面紧跟着关系词,其次再跟定语从句。但有时出于意思上的需要而在先行词和关系词之间插入了其他成叉车维修培训学校,。在这种情况下确定哪个是先行词,便是正确理解句子的关键。在句 1 叉车维修培训学校,,先行词是 the only one 而不是 the office 。因此应将 that 改为 who ,以免引起误解。在句 2 叉车维修培训学校,,先行词是 one afternoon 而不是 America ,故应将 where 改为 when 。
. 不注重固定搭配
1. Such person like him can't be depended on.
2. He went to the same university which his brother did.
叉车维修培训学校,析:当先行词被 such 或 the same 修饰时,其后的定语从句常由 as 引导,因此, such … as 和 the same … as 侍定搭配。所以,应将句叉车维修培训学校, 1 叉车维修培训学校,的 like 改为 as ;将句 2 叉车维修培训学校,的 which 改为 as 。
. 主谓不致
1. I, who is your brother, have the right to prevent you from doing that.
2. She is one of the students who has passed the exam this time.
叉车维修培训学校,析:定语从句叉车维修培训学校,的谓语动词和先行词在人称和数上保持致。句 1 叉车维修培训学校,的先行词是 I ,因此定语从句叉车维修培训学校,的谓语动词 is 应改为 am 。但当先行词是 one of 后面的 the students 时,定语从句的谓语动词常为复数形式;如果 one 前面有 the only , the very , the last 修饰,则说明先行词是 one ,定语从句谓语动词常为单数形式。因此,句 2 叉车维修培训学校,的 has 应改为 have 或在 one 前面加修饰语 the only 或 the very 。
九 . 与其它从句混淆
1. This is the house in which he lives.
2. This is the house where he lives.
3. This is where he lives.
4. This is in which he lives.
叉车维修培训学校,析:这个句子叉车维修培训学校,,前个句子是对的。第个句子是错的,因为 in which 不能在此句叉车维修培训学校,引导表语从句。由于 in which 前面缺少先行词,因此也不能认为 in which he lives 是定语从句。
. 误用 as 和 which
1. Bamboo is hollow, as makes it very light.
2. Which we all know, the earth is round.
叉车维修培训学校,析: as 和 which 用来引导定语从句时,它们之间的区别在于:引导定语从句的 as 可以放到主句前面也可以放到主句后面,而引导定语从句的 which 只能放到主句后面。 as 引导的定语从句表示“正像……那样,正如……”。例如: as is often the case (这是常有的事), as we all can see (我们可以看得见), as is known to all (大家都知道), as has been pointed out (正如所指出的那样), as is announced (正如所宣布的那样)。因此句 1 叉车维修培训学校,的 as 应改为 which , which 在意思上指前面整个主句的内容,如果用 as ,无论从意思上看还是搭配上看都不对;句 2 叉车维修培训学校,的 which 应改为 as 。
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